Zusammenfassung

    Präambel Die topische und inhalative Anwendung ätherischer Öle, auch als sog. Aromatherapie bezeichnet, dient der Prophylaxe und Behandlung unterschiedlicher Erkrankungen [1]. Der Einsatz ätherischer Öle ist fester Bestandteil der konventionellen Medizin wie zum Beispiel in der palliativmedizinischen Versorgung [2]. Die Anwendung mit ätherischen Ölen bietet den Patienten ein wirksames, allgemein nebenwirkungsarmes Behandlungskonzept, das auch prophylaktisch einsetzbar ist. 26 August 2022 © 2022. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany Literatur 1 Schilcher H. Zur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie ätherischer Öle und deren Anwendung in der ärztlichen Praxis. Therapie-Woche 1986; 36: 1100-1122 PubMedGoogle Scholar 2 Beer AM, Matreitz T. Zur Anwendung ätherischer Öle im Krankenhaus. Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 2013; 34: 158-163 Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar 3 Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1223/2009 des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 30. November 2009 über kosmetische Mittel, Kapitel VI, Artikel 19 PubMed 4 DIN EN ISO 17516 Kosmetische Mittel – Mikrobiologie – Mikrobiologische Grenzwerte (ISO 17516: 2014). Deutsche Fassung EN ISO 17516:2014 PubMed 5 Richtlinie 93/42/EWG des Rates vom 14.Juni 1993 über Medizinprodukte, Anhang I, 13.3 PubMed 6 Ministerium für Arbeit, Gesundheit und Soziales des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Überwachungsprojekt 2017 „Gewerbliche Produkte und Verbraucherprodukte zur Raumbeduftung“. Bericht zu den Ergebnissen, Stand: 29.08.2019 URL: https://www.mags.nrw/sites/default/files/asset/document/auswertung_des_projektes_raumbedufter_2017_20190903_final.pdf [18.11.2020] PubMed 7 Bundesinstitut für gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz und Veterinärmedizin (BgVV) (2001) Gesundheitliche Bewertung von Duftölen, die Safrol, Methyleugenol oder Estragol enthalten. Stellungnahme vom 11.05.2001. URL: https://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/343/duftoele.pdf [18.11.2020] PubMed 8 Chemikaliengesetz in der Fassung der Bekanntmachung vom 28. August 2013 (BGBl. I S. 3498, 3991) PubMed 9 Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1334/2008 des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 16. Dezember 2008 über Aromen und bestimmte Lebensmittelzutaten mit Aromaeigenschaften zur Verwendung in und auf Lebensmitteln sowie zur Änderung der Verordnung (EWG) Nr. 1601/91 des rates. Der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 2232/96 und (EG) Nr. 110/2008 und der Richtlinie 2000/13/EG. Amtsblatt der Europäischen Union, L 354/34, 31.12.2008 PubMed 10 Beer AM, Schilcher H, Loew D. Phytopharmaka als Alternative zu Synthetika. MMW- Fortschr. Med. Originalen. Bd. IV 2013; 155: 97-99 PubMedGoogle Scholar 11 Europäisches Arzneibuch, 10. Ausgabe (ph. Eur. 10.0) mit den Nachträgen bis 10.1 (2020). Stuttgart/Eschborn: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag, Govi-Verlag PubMed 12 Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) Liste der Monographien der Kommission E (Phytotherapie), die im Bundesanzeiger veröffentlicht sind. Stand: 31.07.1994. http://wwwbfarm.de/DE/Arzneimittel/2_zulassung/zulArten/besTherap/amPflanz/ampflanzinhalt.html?nn=1013980 [8.1.2013] PubMed 13 The European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy (ESCOP). Escop Monographs. The Scientific Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products. 2nd ed., completely revised and expanded. Stuttgart/New York: Thieme; 2003. Supplement 2009 Google Scholar 14 WHO (1999–2009) WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants. Vol. 1, Geneva 1999; Vol. 2, Genva 2003; Vol. 3, Geneva 2007; Vol. 4, Geneva 2009. http://www.who.int/medicines/technical_briefing/tbs/traditionalmedicines_rdg_prs/en/[8.1.2013] PubMed 15 ISO 9235 (2013) Natürliche aromatische Rohstoffe PubMed 16 Data Bridge Market Research (2017) Global Aromatherapy Market-Industry Trends and Forecast to 2024. https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-aromatherapy-market PubMed 17 Dudareva N. et al. Biosynthesis, function and metabolic engineering of plant volatile organic compounds. New Phytologist 2013; 198: 16-32 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 18 Binder G, König WA, Czygan FC. Ätherische Öle. DAZ 2001; 37: 49 PubMedGoogle Scholar 19 Saeki Y. Physiological effects of inhaling fragrances. The International Journal of Aromatherapy 2001; 11: 25 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 20 Massberg D, Hatt H. Human olfactory receptors: Novel cellular functions outside of the nose. Physiol Rev. Jul 1 2018; 98: 1739-1763 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 21 Lee SJ, Depoortere I, Hatt H. Therapeutic potential of ectopic olfactory and taste receptors. Nat Rev Drug Discov. Nov 2019; 30 PubMedGoogle Scholar 22 Beer AM, Zagorchev P, Lukanov J. Effects of 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) on the activity of human bronchial tissue. J Pulm Respir Med 2019; 1: 12-22 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 23 Massberg D. et al. Monoterpene (-)-citronellal affects hepatocarcinoma cell signaling via an olfactory receptor. Arch Biochem Biophys. Jan 2015; 15: 100-109 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 24 Gautam N, Mantha AK, Mittal S. Essential oils and their constituents as anticancer agents: a mechanistic view. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014: 154106 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 25 Hu W. et al. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of Litsea cubeba essential oil against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA). Ind Crops Prod 2019; 130: 34-41 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 26 Reichling J. Anti-biofilm and Virulence-Factor-Reducing Activities of Essential Oils and Oil Components as a Possible Option for Bacterial Infection Control. Planta Med 2020; 86: 520-537 Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar 27 Reichling J. Antiviral and Virucidal Properties of Essential Oils and Isolated Compounds – A Scientific Approach. Planta Med. Jun 2021; 18 PubMedGoogle Scholar 28 Meister TL. et al. Virucidal Efficacy of Different Oral Rinses Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. J Infect Dis 2020; 222: 1289-1292 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 29 Asif M. et al. COVID-19 and therapy with essential oils having antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28: 1153-1161 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 30 Nazzaro F. et al. Essential oils and antifungal activity. Pharmaceutcals 2017; 10: 86 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 31 Herz RS. The Role of Odor-Evoked Memory in Psychological and Physiological Health. Brain Sci 2016; 6: 22 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 32 Lee RL, Polly HM, Leung T, Wong T. A randomized controlled trial of topical tea tree preparation for MRSA colonized wounds. Inter J Nursing Science 2014; 1: 7-14 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 33 Lakhan SE, Sheafer H, Tepper D. The effectiveness of aromatherapy in reducing pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Res Treat 2016; 8158693 PubMedGoogle Scholar 34 Perez S, Zavala M, Arias L, Ramos-Lopez MA. Anti-inflammatory activity of some essential oils. J Essential Oils Res 2011; 23: 38-44 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 35 Mohamed NA. et al. Early viral clearance among covid-19 patients when gargling with povidone-iodine and essential oils: a pilot clinical trial. medRxiv 2020; DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.07.20180448. CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 36 Hamzeh S, Safari-Faramani R, Khatony A. Effects of Aromatherapy with Lavender and Peppermint Essential Oils on the Sleep Quality of Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trail. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020; 25 PubMedGoogle Scholar 37 McDonnell B, Newcob P. Trial of Essential Oils to Improve Sleep for Patients in Cardiac Rehabilitation. J Altern Complement Med 2019; 25: 1193-1199 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 38 Bahrami T. et al. Effect of aromatherapy massage on anxiety, depression, and physiologic parameters in older patients with the acute coronary syndrome: A randomized clinical trial. Int J Nurs Pract 2017; 23 PubMedGoogle Scholar 39 Fung JKK, Tsang HW. Management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia by an aroma-massage with acupressure treatment protocol: A randomised clinical trial. J Clin Nurs 2018; 27: 1812-1825 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 40 Efe Ertürk N, Tasci S. The Effects of Peppermint Oil on Nausea, Vomiting and Retching in Cancer Patients undergoing Chemotherapy: An Open Label Quasi-Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Complement Ther Med 2020; 9: 102587 PubMedGoogle Scholar 41 Mosaffa-Jahromi M. et al. Effectiveness of Anise Oil for Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depression in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Active and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22: 41-46 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 42 Ahmadifard M. et al. The Efficacy of Topical Basil Essential Oil on Relieving Migraine Headaches: A Randomized Triple-Blind Study. Complement Med Res 2020; 27: 310-318 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 43 Rivaz M. et al. The effects of aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil on neuropathic pain and quality of life in diabetic patients: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 44: 101430 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 44 Ou MC. et al. The effectiveness of essential oils for patients with neck pain: a randomized controlled study. J Altern Complement Med. 2014 2014. PubMedGoogle Scholar 45 Hekmatpou D. et al. The Effect of Aromatherapy with the Essential Oil of Orange on Pain and Vital Signs of Patients with Fractured Limbs Admitted to the Emergency Ward: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Indian J Palliat Cawe 2019; 23: 431-436 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 46 Razaghi N. et al. The effectiveness of familiar olfactory stimulation with lavender scent and glucose on the pain of blood sampling in term neonates: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2020; 49: 102289 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 47 Lee KB. et al. Changes in 5-hydroxytryptamine and cortisol plasma levels in menopausal women after inhalation of clary sage oil. Phytother Res 2014; 28: 1599-15605 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 48 Katona G. et al. Treatment of acute rhinitis with a nasal spray containing tramazoline and essential oils: a multicenter, uncontrolled, observational trial. Clin Trans Allergy 2015; 5: 38 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 49 Kao YH. et al. Comparisons for Effectiveness of Aromatherapy and Acupressure Massage on Quality of Life in Career Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Altern Complement Med 2017; 23: 451-460 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 50 Bingham LJ. et al. Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis caused by lavender: A retrospective study from Australian clinic. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 81: 37-42 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 51 de Groot AC, Schmidt E. Essential Oils, Part IV: Contact Allergy. Dermatitis 2016; 27: 170-175 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 52 Uter W, Schmidt E, Geier J, Lessmann H, Schnuch A, Frosch PJ. Contact allergy to essential oils: current patch test results (2000-2008) from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK). Contact Dermatitis 2010; 63: 277-283 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 53 Wabner D, Geier K, Hauck D. For a deeper understanding of tea tree oil: Fresh is best – why we should only use fresh oil at any concentration. International Journal of Aromatherapy 2006; 16: 109-115 CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 54 Beer AM, Dorfinger G, Hillert G. Ätherische Öle in der ärztlichen Praxis. Praxis Magazin 2020; 12-1 PubMedGoogle Scholar 55 Anbieter von Fortbildungen zur Aromatherapie ohne Gewähr auf Vollständigkeit [https://downloads.primaveralife.com/akademie/ecatalog/programm/index.html#p=1; www.bahnhof-apotheke.de/fortbildung.html; www.medzinischearomatherapie.at; www.forum-essenzia.org] PubMed 56 Beer AM. Aromatherapie für Ärzte. ZPT-Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 2018; 39: 240-241 Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar 57 Steflitsch W., Wolz D, Buchbauer G, Heuberger E, Stadelmann I. Aromatherapie in Wissenschaft und Praxis. 2. Auflage. Wiggensbach: Stadelmann Verlag; 2021: 1040–1041 PubMed

Vorschau