Causes and complications of multiple repeated endoscopic sphincterotomies

There is little information on the background of repeated endoscopic sphincterotomies (re-EST). We have examined frequency and background of complications of re-EST in our tertiary endoscopic center. Patients and method: Between 1999 and 2004, we retrospectively investigated the medical records of patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde choledocho-pancreatography (ERCP) with several (two or more) re-EST-s. Results: During the 6 years there were 6504 ERCPs including 1689 cases of EST and 266 cases of re-EST with the following etiologies: adenoma of the papilla: 34.2%, choledocholithiasis: 28.2%, chronic calc…