tPA and MMP-9 interactions in focal cerebral ischaemia: distinct mechanisms of gene regulation

Objectives: Tissue plaminogen activator (tPA) is broadly used for thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke, but recent data suggest additional pleiotropic actions including cytokine-like features and activation of matrixmetalloproteinases (MMP). tPA augments MMP-9 activity thereby leading to neurovascular proteolysis, infarct enlargement, and hemorrhage. On the other hand MMP-9 may also promote beneficial tissue repair in the subacute phase after stroke. Aim of the present study was to elucidate spatiotemporal patterns and mechanisms of tPA and MMP-9 induction in focal brain ischaemia with the perspective of more…