Leukocyte profiles differ between type 1 and type 2 diabetes and are associated with metabolic phenotypes. Results from the German Diabetes Study (GDS)

Objective: Altered immune reactivity precedes and accompanies type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that the metabolic phenotype relates to the systemic cellular immune status. Research design and methods: A total of 194 metabolically well controlled patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 62, mean diabetes duration: 1.29 years) or type 2 diabetes (n = 132, 1.98 years) and 60 normoglycemic persons underwent blood sampling for automated white blood cell counting (WBC) and flow cytometry. Whole body insulin sensitvity was measured with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp tests. Analysis of covariance was performed…