The MODY2 gene glucokinase is negatively regulated by FoxO forkhead transcription factors

Glucokinase (GK) plays a key role in the regulation of glucose utilization in hepatocytes. Defects in the glucokinase gene have been linked to maturity-onset diabetes of the young (non-insulin-dependent, also called MODY–2) permanent neonatal diabetes (PNDM) and persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI). Insulin is a major regulator of GK expression, however, the knowledge of the involved transcription factors and signalling pathways is quite limited. Insulin signaling involves mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) casacades and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (PKB) w…