Exploring the CNS effects of acupuncture needling with TMS

Background: Acupuncture has been suggested to exert its controversial therapeutic effects by modulation of the peripheral and central nervous system. However, the central nervous effects of acupuncture are still a matter of debate, since few direct neurophysiological measures using proper placebo conditions have been reported. Aim: Modulations of CNS excitability can be determined with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) using the motor cortex as a model region. The aim of the present study was to explore the short term effects of manual acupuncture needling on motor system excitability with TMS, while contr…