Sonoanatomy of the “Cervical Nerves Pathway”. Recommendations for ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy

Purpose: Cervical plexus block interventions with ultrasound technology can be divided into superficial, intermediate and profound, in respect to the cervical fascias and nerve roots. However, there is no recommendation for a puncture with minimal risk, reduced local anaesthetic volume, optimal effectiveness and easy and clear sonographic identification. Material and methods: Cadaver axial cross-sectional images were analysed within 1 mm slices. The track of the anterior nerve roots of the cervical nerves 2 – 4 from the spinal cord to the area nervosa at the lateral border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was f…