The nutcracker phenomenon of the left renal vein (NCP) – improved understanding as “midline congestion syndrome“ by dynamic color-Doppler sonographic tissue perfusion measurement

Objective: To describe quantitatively hemodynamic sequelae of the nutcracker phenomenon of the left renal vein and to observe the change of symptoms after therapeutic relief of perfusion decline. Patients and methods: 16 patients (4–18 years; mean 12,8 years) with a nutcracker phenomenon of the left renal vein and a variety of long lasting complaints including migraine, flank pain, dysuria, pollakisuria, micturition disturbances, dyspareunia, back pain and abdominal pain were included. Renal cortical tissue perfusion was measured by means of the PixelFlux-technique (www.chameleon-software.de). This method quanti…