In vivo identification of type II diabetes-associated gene regulatory response elements

Aberrant induction of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), the rate limiting enzyme of gluconeogenesis, represents one of the crucial triggers for chronic hyperglycemia in type II diabetic patients. To date, the regulation of signal-dependent PEPCK gene expression has been elucidated primarily in cell culture systems, in which PEPCK expression is induced in response to glucagon and glucocorticoid hormones. However, so far very little is known about PEPCK gene regulatory response elements (GRRE), dysregulated in type II diabetes in vivo. Therefore, the aim of this study was to create a convenient sy…