Protection of quercetin against ethanol-induced human hepatotoxicity is regulated is regulated via HO–1/CO system through MAPK/Nrf2 pathway

Aims: Flavonoids, including quercetin, have been reported to have potent hepatoprotective effects against oxidative stress. The protecting effects have been associated with HO–1 induction. Although a number of studies have demonstrated protecting effects of various flavonoids, the exact signalling pathway of quercetin involved in HO–1 induction during oxidative stress in liver damage is still not fully understood. Thus, we have initiated the following study to investigate the role of HO–1 induction as well as its transcriptional regulation and the effects of carbon monoxide (CO), free iron and bilirubin,–all of…