Immunotherapy for malignant glioma: current results of the clinical trials

The prognosis of high grade glioma (HGG) is poor in spite of advanced neurosurgery, radio- and chemotherapy. Evidence appears that active specific immunotherapy with mature dendritic cells loaded with tumor lysate (DCm-HGG-L) might induce long term survival. In the cohort comparison trial HGG-IMMUNO-2003 we stepwise explore improvements in the technique for patients with relapsed HGG. Shortening of the interval between the induction vaccines, boosting with only HGG-L and changing the maturation cocktail all improved the efficacy of the vaccine resulting in a remarkable subgroup of long-term survivors. The 3-year…