Smad7 expression is upregulated in HCC patients and correlates with Smad2 mediated downstream signaling in HCC cell lines

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most deadliest cancer and very heterogenic. Together with often late diagnosis, this leads to the necessity of new treatment strategies. The TGF-ß family regulates a cohourt of cellular processes. Smad7 is a potent inhibitor of canonical TGF-ß signaling. As TGF-ß may fulfil ambiguous functions, it is important to develop a deep understanding about its tumor suppressive vs. promoting effects during cancer development and progression. Frequently occurring mutations of TGF-ß signaling components that may lead to abrogation of the TGF-ß cytostatic response, as found in oth…