Transcranial Magnetic and Electric Stimulation

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) allows increasing or decreasing the excitability of corticospinal or cortico-cortical pathways depending on the intensity and frequency of ultrashort stimulation pulses. Prolonged repetitive transcranial magnetic (rTMS) protocols are being refined by varying many parameters such as frequency, duration, intensity, mono- versus biphasic and variable pulse shape width and intervals. This talk focusses on the relevance of mono- versus biphasic stimulation and on the importance of intervals for the direction and efficacy of aftereffects. Cathodal stimulation hyperpo…