What does claudine-4 show on the papilla of Vater?

Introduction: Alterations in the papilla of Vater are major challenges for the pathologist. Accurate classification is especially important to determine the prognosis and choose the optimal therapy. Novel methods are to aid the pathologist. Tight junction proteins the claudines (CLDN) appear irregularly in tumorous processes. One of them, CLDN-4 is overexpressed in certain human tumors, like the cancer of the pancreas, bile ducts etc. The role of these proteins in tumorgenesis remains to be clarified, they seem to be worth to examine in cancer diagnostics. Aim: We intended to perform a semiquantitative (scoring…