Neonatal maternal separation followed by restraint stress as a multidimensional stress model for functional dyspepsia

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is one of the most common GI-disorders. Because of the chronic relapsing nature & lack of effective treatment options, FD is associated with significantly impaired quality of life and considerable health care costs. Based on the central role stress seems to be playing in functional GI-diseases, available animal models for FD rely on exposing animals to various types of stress either in the neonatal period or in adulthood. However, clinical studies have shown that adverse physiological or psychological experiences in early life are associated with the development of FD symptoms, as well…