Migration of Cortical Spreading Depression (CSD) in Adult Rats can be Inhibited by Norepinephrine, Clonidine, Yohimbine, and Propranolol

Spreading depression is thought to be a neuronal mechanism that expands the penumbra zone after focal brain ischemia. Furthermore, cortical spreading depression (CSD) is assumed to be a neuronal mechanism underlying migraine aura. Interestingly, the sizes of the penumbra after both focal ischemia and migraine are significantly influenced by adrenergic agonists and antagonists. In human migraine beta-adrenoreceptor blockers are efficiently used for prophylaxis. The particular action of these adrenergic drugs is unknown, but vascular effects are often discussed. Alternatively, it is conceivable that adrenergic com…