Contribution and limits of ultrasound contrast agents in renal investigations

The indications of ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) for liver investigations are well systematized, with recognized benefits and limitations. The indications are less obvious for the kidneys. Nevertheless, UCA may provide additional relevant informations for diagnosis in selected situations. The main fields of application in contrast enhanced ultrasound of the kidneys include exploration of the macro/microvasculature, identification of the renal arteries, parenchymal renal perfusion, perfusion defects, characterization of renal masses and assessment of tumor vascularity, as well as functional studies. UCA have n…