Deep transcranial magnetic brain stimulation modulates blepharospasm: A randomized sham-controlled study

Aims: Primary idiopathic blepharospasm (BEB) is a common form of focal dystonia. In addition to pathology in the basal ganglia, accumulating evidence suggests pathological changes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Methods: This is a randomized, sham-controlled, observer-blinded prospective study. In 12 patients with BEB, we evaluated the effects of low-frequency (0.2Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (lfrTMS) over the ACC with stimulation intensities at 100% active motor threshold (aMT) with 3 stimulation coils: a conventional circular coil (C-coil), a sham coil (S-coil), and an H-coil which…