Differential regulation of TNF receptor signaling during viral infection of hepatocytes determines cell death

Viral infections are detected by the innate immune system via pattern recognition receptors or by the adaptive immune system via (cross-)presentation of viral antigens. Many viruses have developed mechanism to escape such immune recognition. We identified a new CD8 T Cell effector function against hepatotropic infections that overcomes immune escape by modulating MHC I presentation and conventional innate immune recognition. CD8 T effector cells (CTLs) secrete TNF upon recognition of viral antigens on cross-presenting liver sinusoidal endothelial cells which selectively kills infected hepatocyte. Here we investi…