Arousals and behavioral state during spontaneous and induced voiding in infants

Aims: To evaluate whether bladder voiding in healthy infants is accompanied by arousals during sleep and body movements or any changes in heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (RF) or EEG (electroencephalogram) frequency during wakefulness. Furthermore, we imitated spontaneous bladder voiding in sleeping infants in order to find out whether arousals in sleeping infants can be induced. Methods: Polygraphic recordings were performed in 33 healthy infants (17 female) born at term. The infants' age at study entry was 41±10 days and actual body weight was 4876±403g (mean±SD). Bladder voiding was recorded by an adapt…