Multifocal β-catenin activated hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) with malignant transformation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after abuse of anabolic steroids

Introduction: Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is a benign neoplasm of the non-cirrhotic liver mainly affecting young women with use of oral contraceptives. Based on genetic, pathological and clinical features HCAs are divided into four subgroups: HNF1α-mutated, β-catenin-activated, inflammatory, and unclassified. Especially the β-catenin-activated subgroup harbors a higher risk of malignant transformation and is characterized by overexpression of glutamine synthetase. Case presentation: A 28-years old male bodybuilder abusing anabolic steroids presented with acute abdomen and massive abdominal pain in the emergency…