Pediatric musculoskeletal ultrasound – age- and sex-related normal B-mode findings of the knee

Purpose: Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) is an important tool for evaluating disease activity, therapeutic progress, and remission status of rheumatic diseases in children. Knowledge of age-related normal findings is essential when interpreting pathological findings such as those seen in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The most commonly affected joint in childhood arthritis is the knee. Material and methods: To evaluate normal findings of the knee joint, we recorded age-related stages of musculoskeletal development in the knee in 440 healthy children between 1 and 18 years of age using high-resolution B-mode MS…